Terminal/Git Tutorial

In this Video I explain how to use this website and what the content is.

See!!! it is working

This Video explains how to use the Terminal on Linux and Mac.
Windows User please click on the Terminal (Windows) tab above

Terminal on Linux and on Mac are mostly identical.
The look is a little bit different but it works the same.
Additionally I don't have a mac machine so I can only present it on Linux

To enable the Terminal on mac please see the following URL:
https://www.howtogeek.com/682770/how-to-open-the-terminal-on-a-mac/

• Allows to work much faster (after some practice)
  
• Easiest way to use git
  
  • It is same for all systems
    

The Command pwd prints the current working directory,
or with other words: "Where you currently are with your terminal".

pwd

With the command ls you get a list of all files and directories in
the current working directory.

ls

To change the directory you are currently in, you need the change
directory the command is cd.

cd <directory you want to change to>

Autocomplete the directory with pressing [TAB]-Key after some letters

cd TL_[TAB]

Creating a directory can be done with the mkdir command and the name
of the new directory.

mkdir newDirectory

For directories with spaces you need to double quote the name

mkdir "My awesome Directory"

Every directory has two special directories inside of it. The "." is
the folder itself.

cd . 

The ".." directory is one folder above

cd ..

The command touch allows you to create a new file.

touch myAwesomeFile

For file with spaces you need to double quote the name

touch "my Awesome File"

The command clear will clear you terminal and make it look nice.

clear

Move multiple directories with one command

cd dir1/dir2/dir3
cd ../../

Look what is inside a directory without visiting it

ls dir1/

This Video explains how to use the Terminal on Windows.
Mac User please click on the Terminal (Linux/Mac) tab above

There are two possibilities: "Windows Powershell" (blue) and "Command
Prompt" (black).

Just search for the name in the start menu.

• Allows to work much faster (after some practice)
  
• Easiest way to use git
  
  • It is same for all systems
    

A Terminal is always inside of a specific directory.
To change the directory you can use the cd command.

Powershell:

cd <name of directory>

Command Prompt:

cd <name of directory>

Autocomplete the directory with pressing [TAB]-Key after some letters

cd Des[TAB]

A Terminal is always inside of a specific directory.
You can see the directory printed in the terminal before your cursor.

But you can use commands to be check the directory:
Powershell:

pwd

Command Prompt:

dir

To see the directories and the files inside the current directory use
the following commands:

Powershell:

dir
ls

Command Prompt:

dir

Creating a directory with the terminal is done by the md command

Powershell:

md nameOfDirectory

Command Prompt:

md nameOfDirectory

Directories that should have a space need to be quoted:

md "My awesome Directory"

Every directory has two special directories inside of it. The "." is
the folder itself.

cd . 

The ".." directory is one folder above

cd ..

Every device on windows that is connected gets a letter. "C:" is the
letter for the device where windows is installed. Your USB-Stick can
be maybe under "D:" or some other letter.

To change into the devices, you don't use cd but just write the
specific letter.

For Example:

D:

To create an empty file in my current directory we can use the echo command:

echo > <name of file>

To already add some text inside the file (not very useful for the
beginning):

echo "some text" > <name of file>

Similar to directories, files with spaces need to be quoted:

echo > "my awesome file.py"

To clear the current text inside the powershell use the clear
command. This does not work for the command prompt…

Powershell:

clear

If you don't have git installed please install it with following help:
https://github.com/git-guides/install-git

Mac Users:
You probably have git already installed, please see the instruction in
the above link.

Windows user set following settings:

Some word that represent an intro to this clip.

To use github you need to have an account.
The process is in most parts self explanatory.

I use two different accounts to represent the collaboration between
two people.

• Right: TechLabs account [Repo Creator]
  
• Left: Personal account [Collaborator]
  

You/Someone needs to create a repository on github.

• Press the "new" button
  
• Give it a name
  
• (Optional) write a description
  
• Set the visibility [public is fine!]
  
• Add a README for good practice
  

To be able to work with the repository you need to clone it onto your
computer.
You do this by getting the url to the repository by clicking on the
"Code" button and copy the url.

Open up a terminal and change directory to where you want to have the
repository on your computer.

Clone the repository with the git clone command:

git clone <url>

At this point the terminal will ask you to enter your Username and
Password. Just enter the Username and Password that you used while
creating the github account.

The repository is now as a directory available on your machine.

The folder on your machine and the repository on github are now
connected.
For technically interested:
There is a hidden folder called ".git" where all needed information
are stored. (There is no reason to look inside/change something inside
this folder)

We will create a new file with our name as filename and a nice short
message inside of it.

There are three steps to do to get the changes into github:

We need to "add" all files that we changed.

git add <name of file>

To add all changes:

git add .

[Here you see the special directory ".". This means add all changes
/in this directory/]

We can check what changes are currently done on our repository by
using:

git status

All added changed can now be stored as a commit.
Every commit needs a message so we need to use the -m flag and type
a message inside quotes.

git commit -m "a nice message"

The commit is only created locally on your machine. It is not on
github and so not available for anyone on your team.

To send the commit to the server we need to push it:

git push

[During git push you will be asked for your username and password]

When you are not a collaborator to the project you will get an error.

The repository creator needs to send you an invite:

• Settings
  
• Manage Access
  
• Invite a collaborator
  
• Search for the username
  

Now the user needs to accept the invite. The invite can be found by
the bell icon on the upper right corner.

With the access granted by the collaborator it is now possible to use
push your changes to the repository.

To see the latest commit you can use the clock icon inside github.

First time and only once:

• Get the repository onto your machine:
  

  git clone
  

Every time before starting to do some changes:

• Updated changes from the remote repository to you:
  

  git pull
  

• Change something inside the project
  

• Add the changes:
  

  git add changedFille
  

  git add .
  

• Create a commit
  

  git commit -m "describe your changes"
  

• Send the commit to the server
  

  git push
  

Should you want to go back to the state the file had in the last
commit you can do this with a restore command:

git restore <name of file>

You should test this steps at least once.
For this I have a small exercise:

• Create your github Account
  
• Send me via Slack your username
  
• I will inform you when I made you a collaborator
  
• Commit/Push a file with your name as filename with a small nice
  message inside into this repository:
  https://github.com/marco-techlabsHH/tl_git_ex_ss21
  
• At the end of the file write if you used the Terminal or the gui
  app
  

This video references the example from the git via terminal
video. Watch it at least once before watching this.

• Repo is created
  
• I am a collaborator and added something to the repo
  
• Installed the app
  
• Logged in the Github App